Title Militant Monks The Knights Templar, A Military Order Of Monks A Essay Example For Students

Title: Militant Monks The Knights Templar, A Military Order Of Monks A Essay Title: Militant MonksThe Knights Templar, a military order of monks answerable only to the Pope himself, were founded in 1118. Their primary responsibility, at least initially, was to provide protection to Christians making pilgrimages to the Holy Land. They rose in power, both religious and secular, to become one of the richest and most powerful entities in Christendom. By the time of their disbandment in 1307, this highly secretive organization controlled vast wealth, a fleet of merchant ships, and castles and estates spanning the entire Mediterranean area.When the crusaders captured Jerusalem from the Muslims in 1099, the Church encouraged all faithful Christians to visit that holy city in order to affirm their faith. The area, however, was still subject to sporadic attacks from various non-Christian factions. A small group of knights, led by Hugh de Payens, vowed to protect the pilgrims. We will write a custom essay on Title: Militant Monks The Knights Templar, A Military Order Of Monks A specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The group was granted quasi-official status by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, who allowed them quarters in a wing of the royal palace near the Temple of Solomon. It is from this initial posting that the order derived its name. They took the standard vows of poverty, chastity and obedience and were bound to the rules of the Augustinian order. The order languished in near-anonimity for several years, despite generous contributions from various European personages. In 1126, Count Hugh of Champagne, having donated his estates to Bernard of Clairvaux for use in building a monestary for the Cistercian order, arrived in Jerusalem to join the Templars. This action indirectly obligated Bernard to support the newly chosen advocacy of his benefactor. He wrote to the count, If, for Gods work, you have changed yourself from count to knight and from rich to poor, I congratulate you. In the year 1126, King Baldwin found two reasons for wanting official recognition of the order. First, he had, perhaps prematurely, bestowed upon Hugh de Payens the title of Master of the Temple. Second, the king had the opportunity to launch an attack on the city of Damascus, but he needed more knights. Papal recognition would allow open recruiting in Europe for the order. King Baldwin sent a letter to Bernard of Clairvaux, the orders primary patron, later known as Saint Bernard, asking him to petition the Pope for official recognition of the order. The Kings letter was hand-carried to Bernard by two loyal and trusted knights, Andrew de Montbard, maternally related to Bernard, and Gondemare. Upon their arrival at Clairvaux, the two knights presented Bernard with Baldwins letter, which came right to the point. The brothers Templar, whom God has raised up for the defence of our province and to whom he has accorded special protection, desire to receive apostolic approval and also their own Rule of life .. . Since we know well the weight of your intercession with God and also with His Vicar and with the other princes of Europe, we give into your care this two-fold mission, whose success will be very welcome to us. Let the constitution of the Templars be such as is suitable for men who live in the clash and tumult of war, and yet of a kind which will be acceptable to the Christian princes, of whom they have been the valuable auxiliaries. So far as in you lies and if God pleases, strive to bring this matter to a speedy and successful issue. Bernard realized at once the genius of the proposal to combine religious and military endeavors. Through such organizations, the borders of Christendom could be extended and fortified. He immediately granted his approval of the plan and pledged his full support. He petitioned Pope Honorius II for a special council to consider the matter, and he notified Hugh of his actions. The Council of Troyes convened on January 13, 1128, a bitterly cold Saint Hilarys Day, for the primary purpose of considering the request of the Knights Templar. Despite the delays of written communications, Hugh de Payens, accompanied by several brother knights, arrived from the Holy Land in time to attend the meetings of the Council. William of Tyre wrote an account of the events: Nine years after the founding of this order, the knights were still in secular garb. They wore such garments as the people, for salvation of their souls, bestowed upon them. During this ninth year, a council was held at Troyes in France. There were present the archbishops of Rheims and Sens, with their suffragans; the bishop of Albano, the Popes legate; the abbotts of Citeaux, Clairvaux, Potigny; and many others. At this council, by order of Pope Honorious and of Stephen, patriarch of Jerusalem, a rule was drawn up for this order and a habit of white assigned them. Although referred to in Williams account by the generic title Abbott of Clairvaux, Bernard, in actuality controlled the proceedings of the council. There was little doubt Bernards request would be met with approval; he was well known for his successes in reforming monastic life. He was held in the utmost respect by religious and lay leaders alike; in many circles he was referred to as the second pope. In fact, many of the popes were supplied by the mendicant orders. At a time when monks were more highly regarded than priests, and considered closer to God because of their ascetic life-styles, Benard said, The people cannot look up to the priests, because the people are better than priests. Bernards offer to personally assist in the formulation of the Rules of the order was gratefully accepted by all. Bernard based his Rule of the Templars on that of his own Cistercian order, which was itself based on the older Benedictine Rule. .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .postImageUrl , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:hover , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:visited , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:active { border:0!important; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:active , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Westward Expansion Essay The Rule of the Templars was a strict and complex system of 686 written laws, meant to cover every possible aspect of daily life. As an example, Rule 25, On Bowls and Drinking Vessels, states: Because of the shortage of bowls, the brothers will eat in pairs, so that one may study the other more closely, and so that neither austerity nor secret abstinence is introduced into the communal meal. And it seems just to us that each brother should have the same ration of wine in his cup. [qtd. in Upton-Ward 26]In 1139, Pope Innocent II issued a Bull, titled Omne Datum Optimum, declaring that the Knights Templar were under the direct and sole control of the Pope. This freed the Knights to operate throughout Christendom and the Levant unencumbered by local ecclesiastical and secular rulers. This unprecedented autonomy was due, in no small part, to the personal petitions of the new Grand Master, Robert the Burgundian. While Hugh had been an excellent warrior, Robert was an ideal administrator who understood politics. The Order was authorized to have chaplain brothers, who were authorized to hear the confessions of their fellow brothers, and thereby absolve them of their sins. There were, however, five specific crimes for which granting of absolution was reserved by the Pope. These were: the killing of a Christian man or woman,; violently attacking another brother; attacking a member of another order or a priest; renouncing holy orders in order to be received as a brother; and entering the order by simony. It was also during the mastership of Robert that the Rules were translated from Latin into French. Church documents were normally in Latin only, but since most of the Knights were soldiers rather than educated clerics, they were unable to read Latin. In 1147, the Knights were authorized to wear a red cross upon their white mantles, despite rule 18, which forbade any decorations on their clothing. As the Knights Templar gained political and economic strength, they found themselves involved in many aspects of secular life. They established the first truly international banking service; travelers not wanting to travel with large sums could deposit their monies at any Temple and collect a like amount at their destination. The Templars were the primary bankers for the Holy See. Since the order was a papal creation which was administered directly by the Pope himself, their significance as papal bankers is understandable. Less obvious is the Templars function as royal bankers for several of Europes royal houses. The two greatest Temples outside the Levant were located in Paris and London. These two Temples offered a full range of financial services to the royal houses, including collecting taxes, controlling debts and administering pension funds. The treasury of the King of France was kept safely within the vault of the Temple of Paris. The Templars owned a great fleet of merchant ships with which to convey all manner of goods, e.g. , pepper and cotton, as well as pilgrims, between Europe and the Holy Land. People wanting to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but lacking the resources to do so, were allowed to assign rights to their houses and property, upon their death, to the Templars in exchange for passage on a Templar ship. To avoid accusations of usury, this procedure was legitimized by the papal bull Quantum Praedecessores, issued by Pope Eugenius II in 1145. The Holy Land was divided into four Crusader States: Jerusalem, Antioch, Tripoli and Edessa. Shifting alliances, complicated by the plotting of independent Arab emirates, posed a complicated and often confusing backdrop for the Knights military operations. Their first action was in the northern sector of the Principality of Antioch. They captured the March of Amanus, which formed a natural barrier between the city of Amanus and Asia Minor. The Knights Templar frequently fought side-by-side with their counter- parts, the Knights Hospitaller, another military order, founded to provide shelter to sick, wounded or destitute pilgrims. Together, these two warrior orders afforded the Holy Land a formidable fighting force. Although some histories allude to a deep and bitter rivalry between the two, it is more likely that they cooperated well during the battles, keeping any such pettiness for the monotonous weeks between actions. The first military action of the Templars was in the northern sector of the Holy Land. In 1131, they captured the March of Amanus in Antioch. It was a natural barrier between the city and Asia Minor, which afforded control of two roads into Antioch. The same year, King Fulk, Baldwins successor, travelled to the site and granted ownership to the Templars. Control of the various areas of the Holy Land see-sawed back and forth between the Crusaders and the Arabs, with neither side enjoying a decisive victory. Then the balance of power began to change with the rise of the great Arab leader Salah-ad-Din Yusuf ibn-Aiyub, known to westerners as Saladin. Descended from a long line of military heroes, he was born in 1138 in Baalbek, Syria, where his father was military governor. He began to develop his warrior skills by accompanying his father and uncles on various campaigns. Saladins rise to power was rapid and successful. His adherance to the orthodox Sunni faith caused him to initiate dramatic changes in his Shi-ite army. .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .postImageUrl , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:hover , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:visited , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:active { border:0!important; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:active , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken? by Robert Frost , Poetry Expli Essay Upon his ultimate rise to the position of Sultan, he declared a jihad, or holy war, against the Crusaders. This intense re-focusing of the Moslem effort began a gradual shift in power. Christian strongholds fell in increasing numbers, creating a domino effect. By the middle of 1187, Saladin had captured Acre, Nablus, Jaffa, Toron, Sidon, Beirut and Ascalon. Jerusalem fell on 2 October, 1187. The fall of Jerusalem was a disaster from which the Crusades never recovered. Among Saladins prisoners were the King of Jerusalem and Raynald de Chatillon, commander of the fortress at Moab. After entertaining the two in his tent, Saladin had Raynald killed. The King saw his fellow prisoner executed and thought he was surely next, but Saladin had him brought back i nto his tent and told him, It is not the habit of kings to kill kings. Saladins victory was complete. In the disarray that followed, the orders began to disperse. The Hospitallers removed their headquarters, first to Rhodes and then to Malta; and, with the ultimate fall of Acre in 1291, the Templars lost their base of operations and relocated to Cyprus. In effect, the orders had lost their original reason for existence. As the Knights had their policital patrons, so had their enemies. In 1305, Philip IV of France, known as Philip the Fair, seized control of the Holy See and relocated the papacy to Avignon. From there, he initiated a series of papal decrees, ostensibly issues by Pope Clement V, a puppet pope under his absolute control. Eyeing the vast fortunes and resources of the Templars, he conceived a plot of treachery against them. Since he also controlled the Inquisition in France, he had no difficulty leveling a whole laundry list of horrible, but adsurd and largely unsupportable, crimes against the Knights. The role of the Inquisition, under the auspices of Chief Inquisitor Guillaume of Paris, was to obtain confessions and conduct trials. On Friday the 13th of September, 1307, the warrant was issued for the arrest of the Knights and seizure of their property. Many of the Temples were tipped off by the local sheriffs about the impending sweep, but Grand Master Jacques de Molay and his associates were arrested in their bed clothes. The interrogations, aimed at soliciting evidence of any wrongdoing with which to prove the allegations against the order, dragged on for years. Ultimately, the Grand Master, along with other high-ranking Templars, were executed by burning in March, 1314, on an island in the Seine. The years between the arrest of Templars and the orders final dissolution afforded plenty of time for knights on the lam to become absorbed by the underground. Knights in England were never pursued, due largely to a rift between the King and the Church, and many were thought to have participated in the war between Scotland and England, on the side of Robert the Bruce. The vast fleet of Templar merchant ships was never found. There is no record of the 18 Templar ships which had been based at La Rochelle on the French coast, nor any of the various Templar ships normally anchored in the Thames or other English seaports. There is some speculation that the Barbary Pirates, who gained worldwide noteriety by plundering European shipping well into the 19th century, were founded by seagoing Templars with revenge on their minds. Many of the orders ships were galleys, which were particularly suited for piracy. One of the more mysterious tenets of the Freemasons can be found in the initiation of a Master Mason. The initiate is told his degree will make you a brother to pirates and corsairs. In 1813, a merchant ship, captained by a Freemason, was captured and boarded by pirates. In desperation, the captain rendered the Grand Hailing Sign of Distress of a Master Mason. The pirate captain apparently recognized the secret sign and allowed the merchant ship to proceed unharmed. The destruction of the Knights Templar by Philip the Fair was due to what he saw as wealth, arrogance, greed and secrecy on the part of the order. Even Philips lawyer admitted perhaps not all of them had sinned. It took more than suspicion of guilt to bring about the downfall of such a powerful entity as the Knights Templar. The final blow, however, was probably three-fold: a general unpopularity of the order among the European aristocracy, due in part to jealousy; a chronic shortage in the French treasury, despite heavy taxation; and Master de Molays refusal to consider a merger of the Templars with the Hospitallers, as suggested by the Pope. The fact remains, however, that no evidence of heresy was ever found. An order founded by nine knights in Jerusalem came to amass great wealth and power, which speaks well of their integrity and discretion. They became the shock troops of the Holy See. When they lost their original mission of protecting pilgrims upon the fall of Jerusalem, their downfall became inevitable. Works Cited: Burman, Edward. The Inquisition. New York: Dorset, 1984. . The Templars. Rochester, VT: Destiny, 1986. ? Howarth, Stephen. The Knights Templar. New York: Dorset, 1982. Payne, Robert. The History of Islam. New York: Dorset, 1987. Robinson, John J. Born in Blood. New York: Evans, 1989. Sinclair, Andrew. The Sword and the Grail. New York: Crown, 1992. Upton-Ward, J. M. The Rule of the Templars. Suffolk: Boydell, 1992.

The Stanley Parable Analysis Essays

The Stanley Parable Analysis Essays The Stanley Parable Analysis Paper The Stanley Parable Analysis Paper Instead of going upstairs to check out the bosss office, I went downstairs out of sheer curiosity. I was led into a parking garage where there was a single car parked with its lights on. I did not possess the courage to walk up to the car and look Into the window because I scare easily and going into this game without knowing anything about It, I was thoroughly convinced at this point that It would feature some pop-out/screamer element to it that I did not want to fall prey to. I avoided the car and walked into the adjacent room, wherein the narrator began describing Stanley thought process. He came to the realization that he was dreaming and started to command the dream, seeing a field of stars In front of him and feeling himself float. Then he became tired of dreaming and wanted to Just wake up next to his wife, so he closed his eyes and the screen went black for me as Stanley willed himself to wake up for a lengthy yet calming period of time in darkness. The eyes opened back up and I was still in the same endlessly repeating set of rooms as I was in the entire time. The narrator said that Stanley began to scream over and over out of insanity and the edges of the screen reddened and finally went black. That play through closed with an image of Stanley lying face down on a sidewalk with a woman staring at him because the narrator tells me that he was Leary a crazy man, walking around town and screaming until he collapsed on the street. The longest play through that I experienced was when I chose to ignore the narrators Instructions from the fork of the two doors. I chose the right door and moved past several rooms in which the narrator scolded Stanley for not proceeding with. Entering a room with a crane, I had it transport me to the other side of the room. From there, I entered a room with a single telephone that was ringing, apparently from a woman who Is In a very close yet recently strained relationship with Stanley as I gathered from the narrators description. I saw that there was a power chord leading to the wall socket from the phone, so I unplugged It and the narrator became aware of the fact that I was a player controlling Stanley. I was then shown an old, grainy, AS-stylized short film on the subject of choice. The narrator had me go back to the room with the two doors. I selected the right door once again and could not proceed from there because it appeared as if had broken the games infrastructure because the scenery and game objects had begun to implode on I OFF themselves Ana run Into can toner. I en narrator Ana grown very angry Witt me Ana hut the game down. When I came to again, I was above the ceiling with Stanley below. I was able to see all of him and the narrators voice came in again, this time muffled because I was technically above the room. The credits rolled for that play through and I had beaten/broke the game. The shortest play through I experienced was very similar to the last one. I had taken notice that when I had to take the crane back to the office, the narrator had put on restrictive gates so as to prevent me from stepping off across the way. I repeated the same process until reaching that room and had the crane take me all the way up ND then I plummeted to my death down below. The narrator was displeased. On the next play through, I decided to adhere to the narrators instructions, but I could not help myself and I disobeyed after a certain point. I went up the stairs instead of down, like the first time, and I went into the bosss room. It was empty and I was prompted by the narrator to punch in a four-digit code behind the bosss desk. A secret door was revealed, which I followed and then took an elevator downstairs. It seemed that I was entering an underground system and I saw a room labeled the Mind Control area, however a passageway to the left of it featuring a cardboard sign with escape crudely written on it seemed more appealing to me, so I ventured in that direction. As per usual, the narrator wanted me to return to the path that he intended for Stanley, but I persisted down this narrow hallway and eventually fell down a chute where I was on a conveyer belt, soon to be pounded into a cube of meat. Just as I was destroyed, a female narrator took over and I saw light of day once more inside an unfamiliar environment. It was a white museum dedicated to game prices and facts about the development stages of the game itself, which I found very neat and explored the place for about ten minutes. Once I exited, I was returned to the conveyer belt and subsequently smashed, having no choice but to start the game over again, as hastily instructed by the female narrator. On another play through, I spent time in the office that Stanley began in to observe if there was something I was missing from the beginning to help open up another aspect of the game that I had yet to discover. I found that I was able to close the door on myself, bringing about an ending of the game where the narrator expressed that Stanley was too nervous to leave his office and instead Just waited for what seemed like eternity. My favorite play through was probably the first one where Stanley thought he was dreaming and then blacked out from screaming out of insanity. The play through scared me to the bone, but it was an incredibly immerse experience and I was legitimately frightened to continue from the moment I entered the parking garage, but the fact that the game was able to shake me up to that degree really impresses The only confusion that I experienced when I began the game was story related. I as at a loss for what direction the story would unfold in and what sort of tonality it had. The controls themselves were very simple and implicit enough that I picked them up very quickly. As far as how to play the game is concerned, I also picked up on the fact that the narrator does not have to be obeyed all of the time and the game usually becomes more enjoyable once he is ignored. Most AT ten game Is comprises AT emergent narrative Decease ten gamely consists of whatever the individual player chooses to do. If you sat two players down across from each other and had them each start the game, they would assuredly venture own different pathways, making the narrated elements to the story different for the both of them. The only embedded narrative occurs before the player has control of Stanley, when a brief cut scene is shown of Stanley at his desk accompanied by narration describing his workday and Job requirements. A mystery that I explored in the game was the unlocking of the achievement listed on Steam that claimed that knocking on door 430 five times would give me an achievement. I had Stanley perform this task and the narrator immediately became aware of my desire to unlock the achievement, so he kept upping the ante from five knocks to twenty, fifty, five more, and then he even had me knock on other doors. At one point, he asked me to knock on the copy machine, but I could not find a copy machine and accidentally entered an area where the door behind me locked and I could not reenter. Although I was not able to complete this mystery, it did reveal that the game has an extremely self-aware sense of humor. This made the narrative more meaningful because on subsequent plays, I was more eager to test the narrators patience, which lead to some very funny story devices, (my personal favorite being the broom closet).

Applied Business Project International Business Coursework

Applied Business Project International Business - Coursework Example Moreover, the company even develops software products and ensures their customers of the availability of parts and accessories for their computing needs. HP even gives support and consulting services, the cloud computing which is a revolutionary way of saving data as well as business and IT outsourcing (HP Website, HP Products and Services 2011). The company has indeed come a long way from the humble beginnings of the HP founders. Now, almost every office in the world has HP products. The brand has been a worldwide name and its products and services continue to help shape businesses and even lives all over. Also, the HP way has been scattered across many countries not just in the Americas but across Europe, the Middle East and even across Asia Pacific (for the complete list see Appendix 1). However, the company also experiences many challenges. Moreover, with the advent of globalization, there has been increasing pressure both in and out of the organisation. This is expected though s ince there will be many more competitors in the global arena much more the diverse customer base that companies operating globally have to satisfy. As aptly reported in the 2010 annual report of the company, HP products are sold globally and their services are exposed internationally. Hence, the company’s thrust is fuelled by a diverse global network of business and technical experts that powers the operations of the company and makes the global presence of HP formidable. Hence, it is important that the company is able to manage their diverse global workforce. The cultures of different countries play greatly into the capability of the company and the employees to work harmoniously with each other. It is therefore... It would be a waste of time for HP to set up business to set up shop in some dirt poor country that is void of infrastructure that will necessitate the utilization of the products. Any company would avoid countries with political conflicts which bring about the second advantage which is the political advantage. Countries that are boasting of good governance and respectable taxing institutions are usually the places to go that attracts foreign business strongly. Finally, there is the social and cultural advantage wherein the culture plays a crucial role.HP is not merely an employer but a seller and buyer as well and the company ought to be able to fit into the prevailing trends in their target country to ensure the sustainability of their business. It is important that the company takes into account the internalization advantage that they may utilize wherein they can opt to use different forms of strategies to get into their target markets. HP has many subsidiaries in different countr ies and they ensure that the company's strategies are aptly calibrated to the preferences of the host countries. The company ought to continue their innovative nature. The HP way has provided the company with the ways and means to do so but as Robinson and Chiang puts it, all companies whether they are neophytes or are already established must be able to ensure that their products are continuously patronized by their markets as well as the inherent need especially in the technology sector to anticipate these demands.

Karl Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Karl Marx - Essay Example Karl Marx would consider the advent of the internet to be significant because it provides a mechanism through which communities would establish relationships, learn means of production, and create communist systems that would replace capitalism and end its exploitative nature. Karl Marx suggests that capitalists pay their workers subsistence pay rather than paying them an amount that reflects their value of the business. The internet would overcome this problem by giving workers a platform to share experiences and learn how to create value on their own rather than relying on the businesses of capitalists. The subsistence payment of workers gives them enough amounts to survive in order to continue working for the capitalists. Capitalism does not allow them to earn enough money because they would become empowered and start their own businesses, leaving the capitalists without workers. In this case, the advent of the internet is important because it empowers workers who earn low income by allowing them to access information and markets cheaply. Therefore, they can break away from the hands of capitalism and enjoy equal opportunities as the capitalists through internet marketing and communication that create value for them.An example of the significance of the internet is that it may allow a designer to earn a full value of his efforts. For example if a designer works for a capitalist and creates a value of $100 for every piece of cloth, the designer may get $40 and the capitalist takes $60, half of which she uses to pay fixed costs.

Eco-tourism in China and France Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Eco-tourism in China and France - Research Paper Example Tourism is a rapidly growing industry in most countries in the world, including both developing and developed countries (Eijgelaar, Peeters, & Piket, 2008; Euromonitor International, 2011). Tourism as a business has grown approximately ten percent per year since the end of World War Two. (Matias, Nijkamp, & Sarmento, 2009) Much of that business is in the form of domestic tourism, but international pleasure travel does capture a significant portion of that market (Lohmann, 2004). The needs of the international tourist differ from the needs of the domestic tourist. Monitoring and forecasting the international tourism demand independently of the domestic tourism demand is vital in proper demand management. The analysis of tourism demand is the measurement of this growth; forecasting this demand is vital in managing it and profiting from it. However, an analysis of the tourism industry across the entire world is too large and is outside the scope of this research; instead, the focus is on one example of a developing nation though with a thriving tourist industry, China, and one example of a developed nation also with a very well-established tourist industry, France. A type of tourism common to both of these nations is eco-tourism, and so eco-tourism will be used as the model to compare management strategies between the two nations. Characteristics and Modeling of Tourism Demand Tourism demand can be measured in a variety of ways. The most commonly used benchmark for tourism demand is the number of tourists arriving in the country or to the location Chan, Lim, & McAleer, 2005). Another method, which is generally used for economic models, is the income receipt from those tourists. A combination of these measurements is considered best to get a true picture of the demand for tourism infrastructure: if there is a situation where a large number of tourists are arriving, but their expenditure while traveling is low, it would be more sensible to focus on budget vacations than on five-star facilities, for example. The two issues at hand, the number of arrivals and the money being spent, are separate; good modeling will involve consideration of them both as individual problems and as a a combination. A wide variety of models exist for forecasting and analyzing the demand of tourism and new techniques are constantly being introduced. No single modeling technique has been found to be the most accurate overall; the best choice of modeling technique seems to depend significantly on the situation (Song & Li, 2008). For example, travel motivation theory suggest that the reasoning behind the trip is the most important in predicting the demand for tourism to a specific location (Goh, Law, & Mok, 2008). Dynamic destination image indexes (DDII) are collections of news stories about a destination that can affect a consumer's choice of vacation destination, by adding a line of reasoning about recent events to the consumer's decision-making process (Stepchenkova & Eales, 2011). Using the DDII can be more helpful to managing demand in a nation that is frequently shown on the international news, but less so in a case where fewer people are aware of current events at that location. Scenario planning is used to predict events, both positive and adverse, that could effect tourism demand. Ideally, scenario planning will also forecast the magnitude of this effect .

New Balance Corporation Strategy for Sustenance

New Balance Corporation Strategy for Sustenance New Balance Corporation is one of the largest shoes manufacturing company in United State and made up a greater change in shoe manufacturing industry. Discussion in this report shows that the method of work, advantage and disadvantage going globally, manufacturing process, quality planning, reduce quality product, profit and break-even that related to shoes manufacturing process especially to new balance corporation athletic shoe. Endorsed By No One is the philosophy used by this corporation, rather than using celebrities to promo their product, as they confident on their research, quality and design 1. Marketing Perspective A most number of facts prove that changes in the approach employers direct the efforts of employees have significant allegations for the time allegations of work. A rise in the literature directs to the greedy character which is also called as post-Fordist, post-industrial, post-modern or very effective presentation work .These concepts contribute to the statement that there has been a shift from work based on the authority from the higher level to the lower level will result in more flexible production technologies. Generally, the theory consists of some form of team-based work, advances in training structure and line of business progress, and performance-related compensation. [1] These measures involve management giving up many restrictions imposed on employees and bringing in a variety of techniques which are aimed to increase employees work contentment and obligation. The penalty for this job proposed for the worker is heralded with phrases like employability and empowerment. By facilitating employees to contribute and be appropriate to their acquaintance and proficiency more fully, a better output is achieved at working. When taken in a positive account this comes down to freeing employees from suppression on work from many years in the past and replacing them with difficult tasks, self-government and accomplishment. [2] Experimental studies on the time squeeze show that these job characteristics lead to time-greedy workplaces, i.e. individuals in this department use up longer hours at work than in the more long-established workplaces. It is also recommended that increase in fight between individuals at the work place may correspond to this phenomenon. As per Thurows (1975) well known job-competition representation, which proposes that opposition shifts to superiority in terms when remuneration is inflexible or greater than the market-clearing level, it can also be taken in a way that competition may take the form of an enthusiasm to give over much time to work. This Time Competition encourages human resources to fiddle with long hours in view of the fact that for every worker who considers restraining his hours there are generally many in number who is ready to give the organisation what all it requires. As Leslie Perlow writes in an in-depth study of this phenomenon, The gruelling schedules that us ed to be typical only for top corporate management and self-employed people are becoming more prevalent in one organisation after the other. [2] Even after the economic model on labour supply has proven its worth in both theoretical and empirical examinations, it is always considered as a mystery: All established theories of the labour promotion are based on the perception that an employer pay money for and a worker sells his time in the service convention which in other terminology can be told as, people work for the money. On the other hand, a noteworthy part of overtime is unpaid. In the standard model of labour supply, it is assumed that employees work their most wanted number of hours, based on the most advantageous arrangement of their payment and preferred time. In theory human resources might work more than they would like, namely if employers do not leave them another choice (lumpiness of labour demand). When put into practice, however, employees also work more than they would like (i.e. are over-employed) without imposed restrictions from the employer.[3] In the ordinary model, the individuals are expected to make coherent choices; they choose the combination of income and leisure time that maximizes their well-being (or utility). Working overtime, on the other hand, is often connected with feelings of time pressure and stress, an inability to combine work and care, and every now and then even with psychological problems in the long run. People thus choose to expose themselves to extensive diminution in their welfare, which is unusual from the point of view that utility maximization. [4] Strategic management delivers the method for the firm. It provides a framework, which can guarantee that decisions regarding the future are taken in organised and purposeful way. Strategic management also functions as a hedge against improbability and totally unexpected growths on the business prospect. This lends a structure of suggestion for speculation decisions. It aids the absorption of possessions on vital areas of best impending. It offers a line of attack by which the organisation could look forward to and develop the future and be internally prepared to handle the operations. It assists to increase processes, systems, mechanisms and decision-making position that are indispensable for this principle. [4] 1.1 Strategic Business Area (SBA) SBA is a unique segment in which the firm does want to do business. A firm instead of trying to enter in all the section, it chooses the area of its competitive advantage and capitalise its income and strategies Management Science. This helps the company to concentrate its strategies in a particular area and to reduce the unnecessary expenses in non-profitable area. Functional Strategy: Strategy that is related to each functional area of business such as production, marketing and personnel is called functional strategy. It is designed and managed in a coordinated way so that they interrelate with each other and at the same time collectively allow the competitive strategy to be implemented properly. [5] Strategy formulation is the development of long range plans for the effective management of environmental opportunities and threats in light of corporate strengths and weaknesses. It includes defining the corporate mission, specifying achievable objectives, developing strategies and setting policy guidelines. It begins with situational analysis. The simplest way is to analyse this is through SWOT analysis. This is the method to analyse the potency and weak points in order to make the most of the hazard and to triumph over the hazard. SWOT is regarded as Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. How the external opportunities and threats facing a particular corporation can be harmonized with that companys inner potency and weak point to consequence in four sets of probable premeditated alternatives. 1.1.1 Mission An organizations mission is the principle or the enthusiasm for the firms existence. A well visualized mission proclamation characterizes the essential, only one of its kind purposes that distinguish a company away from each other from extra organizations which are of the same kind and identifies the scope of the companys procedure in terms of the products offered and markets hand round. A mission statement may be described narrowly or largely in scope. A broadly described mission announcement keeps the firm from restricting itself to one discipline or manufacturing, but it neglects to evidently identify what it makes or which product/market it strategies to emphasize. A slender mission very clearly expresses the organizations prime business, but it may restrict the scale of the firms performances in relations of product or service offered, the expertise used and the market served. [6] 1.1.2 Objectives Objectives are the outcomes of an intended action. The objectives correspond to the actions that are to be done and should be computed if possible. The accomplishment of corporate objective should result in the fulfilment of a corporate mission. In a very different scenario an objective, a goal is an unwrapped ended statement of what is to be achieved with no calculation of what is to be achieved and no time decisive factor for the finishing point. The regions which the company may target and strive for establishing its goals and objectives are prosperity, enlargement, shareholders wealth, proper utilization of resources etc. 2. Strategies The standard norms and strategies of an organisation form a wide-ranging master plan which states how the company will achieve its stated goals and targets. It takes full use of the competitive advantage and diminishes the competitive disadvantage. 2.1 Types of strategy: There are three standard types of strategies which are generally considered by many of the business firms: 2.1.1 Corporate strategy: It tells about a companys overall direction in terms of its general attitude towards development and supervision of its various fabrication and product lines. Corporate strategy mainly corresponds to three key issues in front of the firm as a whole. 2.1.2 Directional strategy: The firms overall orientation towards development, steadiness and reduction of expenditure. The two basic growth strategies are meditation and diversified nature. The growth of a business can be made possible through combination, getting hold of the on-going, occupation, joint business enterprise and premeditated association. Turnaround, divestment and insolvency are the various types of reduction of expenditure approach. 2.1.3 Portfolio analysis: The industries or markets in which the organisation contends through its products and business units are called as portfolio analysis. In this type of analysis, top management views its product lines and business units as a chain of portfolio savings and all the time keeps a check on the operations going on for a profitable return. Two of the most popular strategies are the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Growth Share Matrix and General Electric`s (GE) business screen 2.1.4 Parenting strategy: The approach in which administration coordinates behaviour and transfers possessions and develops competencies among product lines and business units. 2.1.5 Business strategy: It is generally present at the commercial unit or alongside product and it lays prominence to the enhance the structure of competition in terms of products and services offered by the corporation in the specific industry or marketing sector served by that production unit. It may well be shaped within two on the whole categories of competitive or corporate strategies. Competitive strategy is the strategy battle in opposition to all the contenders for improvement. Michael Porter came forward with three competitive strategies which are known as Generic strategies. They are cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Cooperative strategy is to work with one or more competitors to gain advantage against other competitors. [7] 2.2 Stages of corporate development The Corporations which are termed to be successful have a propensity to follow a prototype of structural enlargement called stages of progress as they nurture and make bigger. Starting with the simple structure of the industrial firm, they generally become superior and handle the operations as per functional lines with promotion fabrication and funding sections. With continuing success the company includes new product lines in different industries and organizes itself into organized divisions. Figure : Different Stages of job handling (Anon, 2009) Applying the principle of customer-focused organisation leads to the following actions: Understanding the whole range of consumer desires and expectations for price, products, dependability, delivery, etc. Safeguarding a balanced methodology among consumers and additional stakeholders Collaborating these needs and potentials all over the organisation Measuring consumer pleasure and acting on outcomes and Managing consumer relationships. [8] Beneficial applications of this principle include: Policy and strategy formulation, making sure that the individuals of the organisation are aware of the customer needs and the needs of other stakeholders; Goal and target setting, ensuring that appropriate goals and targets are in a straight line linked to purchaser needs and opportunities; Operational management, humanizing and striving to give the best performance of the organisation to meet customer needs; Human resources management, ensuring that the people have the acquaintance and skills required to keep happy the organisations customer Applying the principle of process approach leads to the following actions: Defining the process to accomplish the preferred consequence, Identifying and keeping a check on the inputs and outputs of the process, Making out the interfaces of the process with the functions of the organisation, Estimating possible risk factors, and its consequences and impacts of developments on consumers, suppliers and other stakeholders of the course, Establishing clear responsibility, authority, and accountability for managing the process, Identifying the internal and external customers, suppliers and other stakeholders of the process, When designing processes, consideration is given to process steps, activities, flows, control measures, training needs, equipment, methods, information, materials and other resources to achieve the desired result.[9] Beneficial applications of this principle include: For policy and strategy formulation, utilizing defined processes throughout the organisation will lead to more predictable results, better use of resources, shorter, cycle times and lower costs; For goal and target setting, understanding the capability of processes facilitates the creation of challenging goals and targets; For operational management, adopting the process approach for all operations results in lower costs, prevention of errors, control of variation, shorter cycle times and more predictable outputs; For human resource management establishing cost and well-organized processes for human resource management, such as taking into service, instruction and guidance, enables the arrangement of these courses of actions with the needs of the organisation and bring into being a more accomplished.[10] 3. Manufacturing Perspective When we discuss issues pertaining to manufacturing option New Balance Corporation has made up a greater change in whole new world of shoe manufacturing .They brought up changes, which would bring better options varying technologies .They used some best tailoring equipments which would make better profits and also provide end source production within an hour as of the china market production of shoe. Below is the brief overview of the corporation which has gained maximum profit in producing shoes at a better level. New balance innovatively adapting the latest technology in shoemaking process and stay competitive in United States while continuously providing training for their employees. The 22 hours of training is given to the employees on teamwork and process line basis. Assisting one another and sharing missions is to make sure the job to get done. The floor worker contributes the various for the process development. [10] In order to maintain better methodology in intensifying globalization prospects in known level of competitive pressure in developing countries produced goods. There been a accelerated growth at an level of investment liberalization and increasing make up a fragmented approach in stages of production in value possible chain .Some of the process through which these manufacturing process can be yielded are reintegrated through a broad level of production system and global value chains (GVC) and global production networks (GPN) .Threes also a level of maintaining a group of transnational corporations (TNCs),which play a major role in organizing and maintaining a better level of infrastructure ,marketing and logistic and trade investment characteristics. Theres also a far reaching approach which can be more competitive and very much of cross national and provide a better technological way of analysing ,learning and better offerings in field of better welfare gains and brings out a major c hallenge. [11] By considering manufacturing companies to take up issues regarding the GVCs and other GPNs, theres always a diminishing pressure for protectionism of the one own trade and production growth. New Balance as said above tried to bring about greater amount of changes in sphere regarding to multicultural and other foreign market based sector identification prospects. They gave a huge turnaround in producing large number of shoes pairs for Beijing Olympic events, which was one the best Olympic events ever organized. They were also the issues regarding brining about technical and non-technical work base ethic work methodology and bring greater level of aspiration go head. Theres always a level of self-attaining and possible approach of having to reconfigure previous technological trajectory. [6] To have a further growth aspect in shoe based sector, there needs to be perfect level of sequential steps, which has to be taken care of for providing better service and product to the customer .These process need to be taken in greater sphere of knowledge and other related activities to bring about better service and conception issues at various level or can be said as the phased of production life cycle. There needs be a proper functioning mechanism which may help in making out better possibilities and due complexities in a life cycle based issues for better management and links in a clear way.[9] Theres always a mechanism through which a better span enterprise can be made up of better local economy and provide a greater regional economy based approached. Theres always a diverse work based methodology and dynamism which brings a change in value chain serving an important factor for better possibilities in bringing about innovation at an enterprise level of value chain.[11] There has been always two level of divergent process which can be notified as buyer driven and producer driven value chain. The two distinct aspect make up a larger important and base level dynamic in providing better inter reactions and generations at each of different case. There has been more of a point which can bring up better opportunities and capabilities for better differing in arrangements. There are always issues which would bring about buyer driven chains and difficult close coordination spectrum needs and get a better market yield of prospects. [12] In other buyer base driven value chain theres always a clear level of larger options and core competencies and has cool setting up driving factors in that value chain. It helps in providing an increasing access to organize and coordinate and get better control of all production and designing process. There needs to be a better marketing activity to gain better accumulation of consumer market for developed and developing countries. The chain is typically more intensive of industries and has a highly irrelevant development methodology. [5] Theres always seems to be a particular level of branded level product ,which are more of greater importance to capture a clear much added values in terms of red in product development and get better marketing options and maintain a clear brand protection property right. Theres always a better market position based approach which can result in a global brands in a specific market and region. When taken up with a clear producer values and key production and chain control of technologies and make up better importance positioning in a final product in a market. Theres always a clear level of coordinate issues regarding a value chain probability and take up responsible approach for suppliers and their customers .These chain of typical medium and high tech based prosperity conditions need to be taken up at an higher level. Theres also a clear level of developing country produced part of labour intensive and buyer driven chain prospects in exception to the East Asian newly industrializing economy, which can force a clear case of buyer to producer chain in terms of shoe production. [6] When setting up a better methodology theres also a need to take up better quality management issues and other requirement specification which are diverse universal. Here, it would be best in considering some part of process flow need to be taken care of. The following are the basic process technique for quality analysis, they are: Quality planning process for creating and designing and planning of product and services, which can meet or exceed a customer level expectations. Theres always a pathway for quality control improvement and process making up to a level of elimination variation. To take up a clear process of how better shoes are produced with a qualitative approach theres always seem to be a deficient way of taking 20 % output variations. Theres needed to be a clear performance measurement aspect to know a better level of constant process inherent and variation fairly constant over a range of time. Theres always a level of performance inherent to a clear process .In other words ,theres always an original way of taking up greater quality control and accepted average and range of variation for better performance measurement .These zone are however need to be taken up for better standard performance.[5] 4. Quality Management System When we come up with better Total quality management and ways of details at different approach can nowhere be seen .Theres been a different definition for Total Quality Management scenarios which has to be emphasized in a continuous way. Theres always a level of quality improvement process architecture which need to have an institutional operations and represent a clear shift in differing administrative circles and form a clear collegial management. Total Quality Management principles need to have successfully implemented various issues and provide a clear knowledge skills and abilities. It also notes out better concept on quality based control and get better process methodology and clear foundation in process of Total Quality Management. There always a level of better quality managed which have been emerge overnight and it has very inter related units for quality management ,which are collectively involved. There is also a level of Total Quality Management process which takes up greater level of operating breweries and quality with good word management having a clear service set up. [13] TQM is a management process based on fundamental principles that focus an organizations energy on always meeting customers expectations. But because it is a process-not simply a program, it requires long-term commitment to bring into play in every aspect of the development. For a company like New Balance Corporation needs to have all the basic level work consideration and its unanimity .It has several years of quality based approach for better professional activity and numerous companies acronym .It has more number of circular base passage based configuration .Theres always a better initiative starting off with electronic and automobile manufacturing in the late 70s and early 80s and have greater level of banking and other service oriented based architecture companies. To have greater level of expenditure process in companies, there needs to be clear use of TQM and return of investment and originally expect a question based approach with a better Return of Investment hovering around. [10] Theres always a change in achieving a clear breakthroughs for better performance contribution breakthroughs .It also creates a better challenging standard performance quality control zone and representing things to be done in a better way. There has been a poor response at the chronic level and achieve better functionality approach .Theres always a historical based needs to be taken up for better cross solving functional problems.[12] 4.1 Quality affects business performance Theres always a relationship consideration for major improvement for innovative and exploration for specified strategies and tactics to apply improvement in industry based application. In other way there has been a greater industry undergoing rapid technological change in uncertain environments and can be discussed about. The best quality based objective can be linked to different strategically approach and tactics with a quality field in particular for having job duties of a quality professional. [6] Figure 2 Quality Management There also need to be an organization renewal efforts and prevent better organizational classified work on drawing an elaborating the best set up analysis work on small wins ,it was brought about by researchers like weick and frances. [14] There needs to be some significant benefits which can provide a better improvement form in detailed manner. The following are the process which can generate clear process at a generic level like, Getting Continuous improvement typically by moving out a clear large amount of employees and other improvement based in contrast to the large scale innovation and efforts to involve selected experts. The contribution of such broad mobilization of employees is potentially large. Theres always a corollary of broad based efforts, which have to be taken up in small win system and parallel way resulting in an aggregate and change of efforts for a magnificent results. A series of small wins often precedes and follows large changes, first paving the way for these changes by providing momentum and basic learning, and second by eliminating the impediments to optimizing the new processes or products. In this sense, small wins make large-scale change possible. [10] 5. Financial Perspective When taking up new balance Corporation was taking up major issues pertaining to various technical prospects and its work basics. There are always issues pertaining to process based work financial management. New Balance Corporation in order to make up with the delivery scale for Beijing Olympic took up various issues pertaining level of normal time order specification and reduce the chance of going to bankruptcy and potentially take up a backseat in cost management. They have taken an order of automatic sewing machine which can help them in generating double the revenue prospects and other confidentiality aspects .The amount of product specification of potential cost generation on financial distress and include possibility customers take up the product thus varies and specify a clear financial distress and reason for firms to have less debt and chosen potential cost variance. The potential cost has it variance in all aspect and can be a deciding factor when taking up a clear approach in ways when real quality product hasnt been ascertained. The major importance of these product based approach is not considered and better modelling frame has to be taken up for effects to be taken unknown. [15] 5.1 Financial analysis Financial analysis is a phase of the whole business finance purpose that includes examining historical statistics about the present and prospect financial strength of a company. The finance function in business institutes includes estimating economic trends, establishing financial policy, and creating future plans for business activities. The two major sources of facts for financial analysis are a companys income statement and balance sheet. A companys whole financial health can be measured by observing three major factors: its leverage, profitability and liquidity. Elements of Financial Health LEVERAGE- Leverage refers to the share of a companys investment that has been funded by investors as compared to creditors. In other terms, leverage is the amount to which a company has depended upon borrowing to finance its operations PROFITABILITY-Profitability refers to managements operation in using the capitals of a business. Many events of profitability include calculating the financial profit that the company makes on the money that has been spent LIQUIDITY-Liquidity refers to a companys capability to pay its present bills and expenses. In other term, liquidity relates to the obtainability of cash and other assets to cover short-term debt, accounts payable and other liabilities. [20] 5.2 Poor quality product There is a cause-and-effect link concerning quality and finance. Normally organizations quality performance will affect its bottom line. A simplified economic equation is useful to investigate this relationship: Profit = income expense For it to influence profit, quality must affect either expense or income. The figure below shows that good quality product will increase the income plus the bad quality will affect the company finance badly [21] C:UserssutheyshDesktoptable2.gif Qualitys Effect on Income and Expenses [21] Reduced quality product will effect company financially in many ways, some of the effect that cause the company are : 5.2.1 Internal failure costs SCRAP- the shoes have to scrap due to poor quality REWORK- cost for the rework, including the overtime that have to paid to workers DOWNTIME time that been consume to arrange manpower for the rework department PRICE REDUCTIONS- the price may have to reduce to sell of the shoes that already in the market 5.2.2 External failure costs COMPLAINTS- Customer always right, so the complaints will give bad impression on the shoes RETURNS- The product return will cost money as they have to send back the entire shoe to company for scarp or repair WARRANTY CLAIMS warranty claim is one more cost that company have to look in to if the reject level or return is high [nota km] 6. Financial implication to run shoe business As discussed above, one key requirement of the failing firm defence is that the relevant assets be Shopped to see if they would continue operating in the market in the hands of a less anticompetitive acquirer. If the financially distressed firm conducts a shop and receives a bid from another firm, however, it may not be the case that this acquirer will employ the assets in the market of concern. Assets are often fungible and have alternative uses to which they can be put. Perhaps a competing bidder even has in mind that it will liquidate them entirely. Given such uncertainty, should the competition authority be troubled by the possibility that the alternative purchaser might not continue employing the assets in its market of concern? [12] By taking another analysis of bidder taken up new balance financially distressed issue need to be more precise in getting greater market power. Theres also major change in aspect recreated in terms of the asset building and other market purchase in close based scenarios .New balance acquiring can be due to these, which can be a safe option for companies considering taking up of purchase as permitted. Theres also major scenario in taking up shop return goods and losses incurred in getting back the

Exploring the Disadvantages Catholics Faced in Northern Ireland in the

Exploring the Disadvantages Catholics Faced in Northern Ireland in the Mid 60’s In Northern Ireland during the 60’s Catholics faced a lot of disadvantages, in areas of Employment, Education, Housing, and Politics; there is evidence that even the Police Force was biased in favor of the Protestant community. Employment was a major area in which Catholics faced discrimination. Protestants held most of the civil service, government and local government posts in Northern Ireland and even if a catholic did get employment, many would simply feel too uncomfortable in the midst of all the Protestants. The main companies were privately owned and although anti-catholic prejudice was often suspected among foremen or personal managers, it was a hard thing to prove. One fact that can be confirmed however is that, of 10,000 workers in a Belfast shipyard (the biggest single source of employment in the city), just 400 were Catholic. A similar pattern of employment can be seen in Fermanagh County Council where 322 of 370 employees were Protestant, including most of those in the ‘top’ positions. Within the Education Authority, the most sought after jobs in Fermanagh were for school bus drivers because of the long rest and holidays; all but seven of these places out of 75 were given to Protestants. Such facts are made all the more astounding considering more than half of the population of Fermanagh County were actually Catholic. Education was another area where Catholics faced discrimination. Dr McChuckey’s description of the results in Dungannon in 1964states â€Å"there were two secondary schools: â€Å"St.Patrick’s†, the Catholic institution, and ... ...alled in by the Unionists, to act like a police force/army. Catholic marches were banned. Student demonstrations ended up in violence. They treated Catholic civilians harshly which increased hatred between the two religious groups. Only 14.5% of Catholics were in the police force but they formed 40% of Northern Ireland's population. In conclusion there were many differences between Catholics and Protestants in the 1960s. Most of these differences were in opinion and in Politics. Nationalist politicians were always out numbered by Unionist politicians in large Nationalist areas. Therefore, Catholics could not have their views expressed and always lost out if it came to a majority vote. This unfair treatment halted progress to achieve peace in Northern Ireland and they are still trying to achieve peace to this day.

The Admirable Priest

Leo Buscaglia, an American author and motivational speaker, once said â€Å"Too often we underestimate the power of a touch, smile, a kind word, a listening ear, an honest compliment, or the smallest act of caring, all of which can turn a life around†. In â€Å"First Confession† by Frank O’Connor, a priest shows compassion when a little boy is scared out of his wits because of his first confession. After the confession is over with Jackie, the little boy feels better about his sins and, because of how the priest dealt with him, Jackie, is no longer stressing his past actions. When dealing with the scared boy’s fear, the priest handles the situation with humor, kindness, and by sympathizing with the young boy. Humor can change ones outlook on a situation as a whole. The priest senses that Jackie is fearful of his first confession and decides to lighten that fear by using humor. After Jackie tells the priest his arranged plans to kill his grandmother, the priest pretends to be shocked by this comment and starts to question his motives. This shows the reader that the priest has a humorous side to his character. In response, the priest leads Jackie to believe that he has seen lots of men hanged for killing their grandmothers too, but none of them said it is worth it. He uses humor in this way by steering Jackie clear of the direction of not killing anyone. Although Jackie cannot tell that the priest is only kidding, this gives off a humorous vibe to the reader because we can tell the priest knows that Jackie is just a child and he means no harm to anyone. The priest is very kind towards Jackie as he acknowledges the boy’s sins. He helps Jackie come to the realization that he is not evil, but that everyone has their bad moments. The way the priest talks to Jackie as if they are friends lightens the mood and gets Jackie to open up more to the priest. After confession is over with, the priest gives the boy candy and even spends time talking with Jackie, showing the readers that there is a fondness between the two characters. Usually priests are thought to be strict individuals, but he shows us that he is still a person too. When handling children, one always needs to remember to be sympathetic because children do not always know the full consequences of their actions. Priests are forgiving people, but the priest in â€Å"First Confession† is so much more than just forgiving. The priest is sympathetic towards Jackie and gives him three Hail Marys as his punishment for planning to kill his grandmother and trying to kill his sister with a bread-knife. Taking into consideration that Jackie is a naive character who has been manipulated into thinking he is a horrifying person, the priest settles with three Hail Marys because he knows that Jackie is a in fact a great person. The priest shows the readers that he knows how to deal with children in a sympathetic manner. By being humorous, kind, and sympathetic towards Jackie, the priest exhibits his admirable character in the story â€Å"First Confession† by Frank O’Connor. With using his humorous character, the priest lightens the fear Jackie is feeling and turns it into an entertaining time for the boy. The priest is a kind individual, and readers can see that in the way he talks with Jackie and spends time with him. He sees that Jackie is an innocent boy who has been manipulated into thinking his actions are pure evil. In result he priest gives him little penance because he is only a boy with harmless intentions. The priest’s way of dealing with Jackie and his first confession turns the horrifying event into an entertaining encounter for both of them.

Greening The Budget essays

Greening The Budget essays Earning a Double Dividend in the Process Q1. How Do you reconcile the introduction of environmental-based tax rate differentiation as well as new environmental taxes with the traditional objectives of fiscal reform: tax simplification, fiscal neutrality (not affecting behavior)? A1. This has to be done very carefully, as introducing new taxes that are related to the environment, can dramatically affect peoples behavior. If you levy new taxes on vehicles that produce high amount of pollution, like Sport Utility vehicles people are no longer going to purchase those vehicles. This tax is something that has to be eased on to the public and the public has to be educated as to how these environmental taxes will work. The bottom line is that the public needs to be educated as to why these taxes are being levied. Q2. With the exception of a lump-sum tax, all conventional taxes have distortion cost in the form of affecting the taxpayers economic behavior: work-leisure choice, consumption-savings allocation, etc. Wouldnt environmental taxes have the same dead weight loss by affecting consumption and production behavior? A2. These taxes would not be a dead weight loss because after the public was educated, I believe that they would be aware the there was considerable environmental benefit involved with these new taxes. They also might make people think twice before polluting the environment, because they may realize that the end result is that they are paying to clean it up. Q3. What is the distributional incidence of environmental taxes? Or, Who benefits and who loses from specific taxes, how can distributional concerns, a major constraint to the acceptability of environmental taxes, be addressed in a satisfactory way? A3. The general public are those who will benefit from these new taxes, due to the fact that pollution will be reduced and the environment will become cleaner and a better place to live. This tax als...

How to Construct an Index for Research

How to Construct an Index for Research An index is a composite measure of variables, or a way of measuring a constructlike religiosity or racismusing more than one data item. An index is an accumulation of scores from a variety of individual items. To create one, you must select possible items, examine their empirical relationships, score the index, and validate it. Item Selection The first step in creating an index is selecting the items you wish to include in the index to measure the variable of interest. There are several things to consider when selecting the items. First, you should select items that have face validity. That is, the item should measure what it is intended to measure. If you are constructing an index of religiosity, items such as church attendance and frequency of prayer would have face validity because they appear to offer some indication of religiosity. A second criterion for choosing which items to include in your index is unidimensionality. That is, each item should represent only one dimension of the concept you are measuring. For example, items reflecting depression should not be included in items measuring anxiety, even though the two might be related to one another. Third, you need to decide how general or specific your variable will be. For example, if you only wish to measure a specific aspect of religiosity, such as ritual participation, then you would only want to include items that measure ritual participation, such as church attendance, confession, communion, etc. If you are measuring religiosity in a more general way, however, you would want to also include a more balanced set of items that touch on other areas of religion (such as beliefs, knowledge, etc.). Lastly, when choosing which items to include in your index, you should pay attention to the amount of variance that each item provides. For example, if an item is intended to measure religious conservatism, you need to pay attention to what proportion of respondents would be identified as religiously conservative by that measure. If the item identifies nobody as religiously conservative or everyone as a religiously conservative, then the item has no variance and it is not a useful item for your index. Examining Empirical Relationships The second step in index construction is to examine the empirical relationships among the items you wish to include in the index. An empirical relationship is when respondents’ answers to one question help us predict how they will answer other questions. If two items are empirically related to each other, we can argue that both items reflect the same concept and we can, therefore, include them in the same index. To determine if your items are empirically related, crosstabulations, correlation coefficients, or both may be used. Index Scoring The third step in index construction is scoring the index. After you have finalized the items you are including in your index, you then assign scores for particular responses, thereby making a composite variable out of your several items. For example, let’s say you are measuring religious ritual participation among Catholics and the items included in your index are church attendance, confession, communion, and daily prayer, each with a response choice of yes, I regularly participate or no, I do not regularly participate. You might assign a 0 for does not participate and a 1 for participates. Therefore, a respondent could receive a final composite score of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 with 0 being the least engaged in Catholic rituals and 4 being the most engaged. Index Validation The final step in constructing an index is validating it. Just like you need to validate each item that goes into the index, you also need to validate the index itself to make sure that it measures what it is intended to measure. There are several methods for doing this. One is called item analysis in which you examine the extent to which the index is related to the individual items that are included in it. Another important indicator of an index’s validity is how well it accurately predicts related measures. For example, if you are measuring political conservatism, those who score the most conservative in your index should also score conservative in other questions included in the survey.

Adidas Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Adidas Company - Assignment Example They possess strong control over their channel of distribution. Their customers have strong competence to promote the company’s development. The brand reputation and recognition are an added advantage that causes competitive nature of the other companies (Borowski, 2013). The strategy of pricing of the Adidas products makes the company more competitive. The Adidas Company is the second largest maker of athletic footwear and sports equipment worldwide. The company has revenues of E10, 381 million, which enable it not to ever run under debts. Its strong brand such as Adidas, Reebok, and Taylor Made are the portfolios (Borowski, 2013). They build the company’s leading market position. Leveraging is done on the brands to establish strong retail availability and get an increase in profits limits through the increment of retail sales as a percentage of sales in total. The company has successfully grown due to its own retail. It is currently operating over 2,200 stores for its brands worldwide. It is also operating its business using the e-commerce, which other companies have not discovered yet. It is successfully expanding the retail stores across the contents, which makes it more successful compared to other

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Microeconomics - Essay Example the loss incurred the bank has to pass forward the effect of this incident to its other customers which are charged higher interest rates on their future loans and their current money deposits receive a lower interest rate return. The money supply of the banks is also diminished due to event of a loan investment that is not recovered. Corporations in America follow similar financial decisions to individuals concerning their outstanding debt. Whenever market conditions are favorable corporations look for ways to refinance their debt. The difference between a corporation and individual is that companies utilize different mechanism to achieve refinancing. Corporate debt can be refinanced by utilizing a bond mechanism. A bond is commercial paper sold in denomination of $1000 to individuals or business which allows the corporation to raise money. The bonds have a fixed interest rate called the coupon rate. If market conditions changed corporation can issue a set of bonds at lower interest rate in order to eliminate its outstanding bonds and pay less money in the long run. Downgrading of debt occurs when the chances of recovering the outstanding debt diminishes because the debtor has not been paying their payment or time. If a loan goes beyond 90 days without a payment being received the debt is said to have gone in default. At this time the chances of collecting the money goes does down significantly. From the perspective of an outsider these financial assets of the bank represent a downgraded asset. The $700 billion bailout plan targeted these types of downgraded assets which the government would buy up to create greater liquidity in the banking system. Another way downgrading of debt occurs is when corporate debt such as bonds are downgraded by agencies such as Moody’s. Moody’s has a system which gives a grade to the commercial paper issued by banks and governments. If the organization is having financial problems the grade of their outstanding debt is